A server hard disk is a device used for servers to store data, which has the following characteristics and related contents:

1. Features

1. High performance

1. The speed of server hard disk is usually high, for example, the speed of common enterprise server hard disk can reach 10,000 revolutions per minute (RPM) or even 15,000 revolutions per minute. The high rotational speed means that the data can be read and written faster, and it is able to process a large number of data requests in a short period of time. For example, in a database server, a high-speed hard drive can quickly read and write data records that are queried and updated by users, reducing query wait times.

2. The cache of the server hard disk is also larger. Cache is the high-speed storage inside the hard disk that is used to store data temporarily, and the cache of a typical server hard disk can reach 128MB or more. The cache can pre-read data, and when the server requests the data again, it can be directly extracted from the cache quickly, improving the efficiency of data access.

2. High reliability

1. Server hard drives are usually manufactured using more stringent manufacturing processes and quality control standards. They are designed to withstand long periods of continuous operation, with many server hard drives having a mean time between failures (MTBF) of millions of hours. This is because servers need to run 24×7 hours a day, which can lead to data loss and service interruptions if the hard drive fails.

2. In order to prevent data loss, the server hard disk also supports a variety of data protection technologies. For example, redundant array technology (RAID) can store data on multiple hard disks and achieve data redundancy and fault tolerance through certain algorithms. A common RAID 1 model is to mirror data completely onto two drives, so that when one drive fails, the other drive can continue to provide data service.

3. Large capacity

1. As the amount of data continues to grow, so does the capacity of the server hard disk. Currently, a single server hard drive can reach tens of terabytes. This enables the server to store massive amounts of data, such as the data center of a large Internet company that can store various data such as text, pictures, and videos of users to meet the needs of business development.

2. Type

1. Hard disk disk (HDD)

1. Principle: Mechanical hard disk is mainly composed of platter, head, motor, control circuit and cache and other components. The data is stored on a rotating platter at high speed, and the head reads and writes the data by moving it across the surface of the platter. When the server needs to read the data, the motor drives the platter to rotate, and the head seeks to the corresponding data position for reading.

2. Advantages: large capacity and relatively low price. For server applications that do not require extremely high read and write speeds, but need to store a large amount of data, such as file storage servers, HDDs are a cost-effective choice.

3. Disadvantages: The read and write speed is slower than that of the SSD, especially the random read and write performance is poor. In addition, mechanical parts are easily damaged when subjected to vibration and collision.

2. Solid State Drive (SSD)

1. Principle: SSDs use flash memory chips to store data. In flash-based electronic storage technology, the reading and writing of data is achieved by controlling the transistors inside the flash memory chip by electrical signals, and there are no mechanical parts.

2. Advantages: Extremely fast read and write speeds, especially 4K random read and write performance. In server application scenarios that require frequent reading and writing of small files, such as storage devices as database servers, SSDs can greatly improve the response speed of the system. Moreover, SSDs are highly shock-resistant, and because there are no mechanical parts, they are more suitable for use in some servers that may be subject to vibrations.

3. Disadvantages: The price per unit capacity is higher, and the price of large-capacity SSDs is expensive. In addition, SSDs have a flash memory chip write lifetime limit (P/E times), but now the development of technology has greatly improved the P/E times, generally reaching thousands of times.

3. Interface type

1. SATA interface

1. The Serial ATA (SATA) interface is one of the more common server hard disk interfaces. It has the characteristics of fast data transfer speed and good compatibility. SATA HDDs can support a variety of different data transfer rates, such as the SATA 3.0 standard, which can reach 6Gbps. This interface of hard drives is suitable for some server application scenarios that do not require top performance but require stable storage, such as file servers for small businesses.

2. SAS interface

1. The SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) interface is mainly used for enterprise-level servers. It is superior in performance to SATA interfaces, with higher transfer rates and better reliability. The SAS interface provides multi-channel data transfer and is hot-swappable, which means that failed hard drives can be replaced while the server is running. Its data transfer rate can reach 12Gbps or even higher, and is suitable for applications in scenarios that require high storage performance and reliability, such as high-performance computing servers and large database servers.

3. PCI-e interface

1. PCI-e (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) interface SSDs are mainly used in server applications that require extreme performance. SSDs with this interface can take advantage of the high-speed bandwidth of the PCI-e bus directly, and the data transfer speed is far faster than that of SATA and SAS interfaces. For example, some high-end enterprise-class PCI-e-interface SSDs can reach read speeds of tens of gigabytes/s, and they are commonly used in servers with demanding storage performance, such as core servers in large data centers, high-frequency trading servers, etc.